Electrical Machines
Breadth factor is defined as the ratio of

None of these
 emf with concentrated winding to emf with distributed winding.
 both 1 and 2.
 emf with distributed winding to emf with concentrated winding.

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Electrical Machines
The compensating winding in a DC machine

 is located on commutating poles for improving commutation.
  is located on pole shoes to avoid the sparking at the brushes.
  is located on pole shoes for avoiding the flashover at the commutator.
 is located in armature slots for compensation of the armature reaction.

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