System Analysis and Design
Back-up procedure helps in

all of the listed here
none of the listed here
restoring the operation whenever there is a disk failure
restoring the data files whenever there is a system crash

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System Analysis and Design
Sequential organization

has records placed randomly throughout the file
None of these
means storing records in contiguous blocks according to a key.
Stores records sequentially but uses an index to locate records
uses an index for each key type

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System Analysis and Design
The approach used in top-down analysis and and design is

None of these
to identify the top level functions by combining many smaller components into a single entity.
to prepare flowcharts after programming has been completed
All of these
to identify a top level function and then create a hierarchy of lower level modules and components

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System Analysis and Design
The black-box concept:

None of these
All of these
assumes that inputs and outputs will remain stable
assumes that the black box is independent
is invoked by describing a system in terms of inputs and outputs, leaving the transformation process a black box.

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System Analysis and Design
The Turnaround is

the key information of programming
a program statement that violates one or more rules of the language in which it is written
the elapsed time between the receipt of the input and the availability of the output
a group of related fields
None of these

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