Allosteric Effects
An allosteric activator

decreases the binding affinity
both (a) and (c)
stabilizes the R state of the protein
increases the binding affinity

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Allosteric Effects
O2 binding to hemoglobin results in

100-fold lower affinity for the last O2 bound than for the first
both (a) and (b)
100-fold higher affinity for the last O2 bound than for the first
extensive protein conformational change

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Allosteric Effects
The conformational changes from the T to the R state is initiated by

reorganization of protein-protein contacts between the individual subunits
movement of the F-helix, which contains the proximal His
movement of the proximal histidine towards the heme
binding of oxygen to the heme

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Allosteric Effects
Bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) cannot bind to the oxygenated R state of hemoglobin because

its binding pocket becomes too small to accommodate BPG
it is displaced from the heme by oxygen
it is displaced from the heme by movement of the proximal histidine
BPG binds to the R state with the same affinity as the T state

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