Machine Design
According to I.B.R., shearing resistance required to shear off the rivet per pitch length (in double shear) is (where n = Number of rivets per pitch length)

2 × (π/4) d² × τ × n
1.875 × (π/4) d² × τ × n
(π/4) d² × τ × n
3 × (π/4) d² × τ × n

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Machine Design
In cross or regular lay ropes

Direction of twist of wires in strands is opposite to the direction of twist of strands
Direction of twist of wires and strands are same
Wires are not twisted
Wires in two adjacent strands are twisted in opposite direction

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