Mass Transfer
Absorption factor is defined as (where, S₁ = slope of the operating line S₂ = slope of the equilibrium curve)

S₁ - S₂
S₁/S₂
S₁ x S₂
S₂/S₁

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Mass Transfer
McCabe-Thiele method

Can use any type of units
Uses molal units for material and energy balance
Uses weight fractions to express liquid and vapour composition
Is more accurate than Ponchan-Savarit method

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Mass Transfer
Plate efficiency

Increases due to liquid entrainment
Increases due to weeping and dumping of liquid
Increases due to foaming
Is a function of the mass transfer between liquid and vapour

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