Machine Design
An open belt drive is used when

Shafts are arranged parallel and rotate in the opposite directions
Shafts are arranged parallel and rotate in the same directions
Driven shaft is to be started or stopped whenever desired without interfering with the driving shaft
Shafts are arranged at right angles and rotate in one definite direction

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Machine Design
The cracks in helical springs used in railway carriages usually start on the inner side of the coil because of the fact that

It is subjected to a higher cyclic loading than the outer side
It is more stretched than the outer side during the manufacturing process
It is subjected to a higher stress than the outer side
It has a lower curvature than the outer side

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