Heat Transfer
A process stream of dilute aqueous solution flowing at the rate of10 Kg.s⁻¹ is to be heated. Steam condensate at 95°C is available for heating purpose, also at a rate of 10 Kg.s⁻¹. A 1 - 1 shell and tube heat exchanger is available. The best arrangement is

Parallel flow with process stream on tube side
Counter flow with process stream on tube side
Counter flow with process stream on shell side
Parallel flow with process stream on shell side

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Heat Transfer
The advantage of backward feed multiple effect evaporators over forward feed units is that

There is no additional cost of pumping
Equal heat transfer co-efficients exist in various effects
Heat sensitive material can be handled
Most concentrated liquid is at highest temperature

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