Machine Design
A plate with an elliptical hole in the centre, with semi-major axis (a) perpendicular to the direction of loading and semi-minor axis (b) along the direction of loading, is subjected to a pull P. The maximum stress induced at the edge of the hole is equal to (where σ = Stress for a plate with no hole i.e. nominal stress)

σ [1 + (b/3a)]
σ [1 + (2a/b)]
σ [1 + (b/2a)]
σ [1 + (3a/b)]

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Machine Design
When the shaft rotates in anticlockwise direction at slow speed in a bearing, it will

Move towards right of the bearing making the metal to metal contact
Have contact at the bottom most of the bearing
Move towards left of the bearing making metal to metal contact
Move towards right of the bearing making no metal to metal contact

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