Machine Design
A flanged pipe joint will be a leak-proof joint, if the circumferential pitch of the bolts is (where d = Diameter of bolt hole)

Greater than 30d
Between 20d and 30d
Less than 20d
Equal to inside diameter of pipe

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Machine Design
In cross or regular lay ropes

Direction of twist of wires and strands are same
Wires are not twisted
Direction of twist of wires in strands is opposite to the direction of twist of strands
Wires in two adjacent strands are twisted in opposite direction

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