System Analysis and Design
A data flow diagram is

None of these
the modern version of flowchart
the primary output of the systems design phase
mainly used at the systems specification stage.
All of these

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System Analysis and Design
The approach used in top-down analysis and design is

to prepare flow charts after programming has been completed
all of the listed here
to identify a top level function an d then create a hierarchy of lower-level modules and components.
to identify the top level functions by combining many smaller components into a single entity

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